ASSET BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT - ABCD
An Introduction to ABCD- Asset Based Community Development
ASSET-BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT –
5 CORE PRINCIPLES
By: Cormac Russell, Creative Commons License, 2017 (June 2, 2017)
The Asset-Based Community Development approach has a set of principles, which act like a compass not a map. The five core principles of ABCD are:
1. Citizen-led 2. Relationship oriented 3. Asset-Based 4. Placed-Based 5. Inclusion focused
1. Citizen-led: there are certain things that only citizens, in association with one another and the assets around them, can do. ABCD is focused on this domain of change. From this inside-out, citizen-led perspective, socio-political, cultural, environmental and economic change efforts, are viewed through the lens of the following questions:
-What is it that residents in communities are best placed to do together? -What is it that residents can best do, with some outside help? -What is it that communities need outside agencies to do for them?
The sequence in which the above questions are asked is critical. If you are a helping practitioner using ABCD principles and practices, you would start by inviting local residents to ask of each other: “what can we do best for ourselves and each other?” (a version of the first of the three questions above). By engaging with that question people are enabled to identify, connect and mobilize what they have, to make change happen. That puts them in the driving seat of change. They take the lead by using what they have, to secure what they need. In this way, residents also assume a powerful lead in directing outside helpers in how best they can be helpful. Since, until residents know what they have which is local and within their control, they cannot know what they need from outside (what is not local and not within their control).
2. Relationship oriented: While ABCD considers every person as having irreplaceable gifts, skills and passions, as an approach it goes beyond individuals and their capacities, to tap into relational (plural) power. Sadly, the power of relationships tends to be undervalued in industrialized societies. Notwithstanding, relational power (outside of hierarchical structures such as the workplace) presents an incredible and often untapped force for good and continues to be the primary energy source for social movements throughout the world.
Relational power enables consensual ‘grouping-up’ or hive like behaviors to amplify and multiply the capacities of individuals, ensuring the societal whole is greater than the sum of its individual parts. This is not to say that the individuality of members does not matter, it does, but rather to point out that for us to have a good life there are certain things we need to do with each other, as we cannot do them alone, that is where relational power matters. Relational power, also referred to as associational life, is a key determinant of:
– individual wellbeing, – public safety, – response to natural disasters, and – vocational opportunities, to name but a few.
3. Asset-based: the starting point for ABCD is with what’s strong, not what’s wrong. Some misunderstand this as an attempt to minimize life’s challenges, or normalize injustices, nothing could be further from the truth. ABCD is the process by which relational power is mobilized to produce sustainable and satisfying change. With that in mind, starting with what’s strong enables local people to get organized to address what’s wrong and making what’s strong even stronger. It also asks searching questions of those who seek to define certain neighborhoods by the sum of their deficits, challenging them to open their eyes and see what is actually before them. Being actively present to the capacities and resources that exist in every community (which include the gifts of individual residents, associational inventiveness, environmental fruitfulness, cultural heritage, and economic possibilities) becomes difficult when you view the people and place you serve by the sum of their problems. To really show up in a neighborhood you’ve got to set aside the utopian impulses to fix, save and deliver, and instead be curious, collaborative and humble.
4. Place-based: Small local places are the stage on which a good, sustainable and satisfying life unfolds. Seeing the neighborhood as the primary unit of change is a powerful strategy for addressing some of our most intractable socio-political challenges. It is, however, a strategy that is counter-cultural, in that it seems to contradict the vast swathe of helping strategies which see individuals or institutions as the most legitimate domains for change.
While personal transformation and institutional interventions have their place, we have seen that by intentionally organizing relational power at neighborhood level, local residents can connect local human, associational, environmental, economic and cultural resources together and by aggregating them at a hyper-local level come up with incredibly inventive solutions which are not within the reach of top-down institutions.
Neighborhoods, small towns, villages and estates are the scale at which local residents come to believe they can make an impact. This neighbor to neighbor impact is not about service provision, it is about neighborliness. A small local place also provides the context within which the multiplicity of helping agencies (each currently working within their own siloes) can agree a common ground that automatically takes them beyond their administrative boundaries, to work across siloes.
‘Neighborhood’ is the potential context and scale within which everything can come together, where relational and civic power can, when needed, join with enterprising individuals and the power of civic professionals and their institutional resources. In sum, places can exist and thrive without people, but people cannot exist and thrive without places. Therefore, advocating for health, safety, learning, prosperity or justice, while behaving as though they have nothing to do with our places and cultures is like trying to grow a flower in a potted plant with limited soil, when we have an entire meadow at our disposal.
5. Inclusion focused: communities have imperceptible boundaries, inside which are those deemed to belong, and outside are those considered to be strangers. ABCD therefore, as well as supporting local residents to discover and connect local assets, is about actively creating a welcome for ‘strangers’ at the edge of those unnamed boundaries. Since there is nobody who’s gifts are not needed, when it comes to creating an environment within which everyone’s gift is given and received.
In short, the 5 principles of ABCD are about investing in the group life of the neighborhood, recognizing that collective efficacy is measured not by the strengths or capacities of its leaders, but by the power and connectivity of its groups and their connectivity to each other, their ecology, culture, economy and the gifts of those at the edge.
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